Ampudia

Ampudia has deep medieval roots and its history is closely bound up with the Rojas family. Sancho de Rojas, who rose to become Bishop of Palencia and later Archbishop of Toledo, granted the feudal territory of Fuent Pudia to his nephew Pedro García de Herrera y Rojas at the start of his tenure. Pedro then obtained a royal privilege from King Juan II to establish an entailed estate over the town, and his son Pedro García López de Ayala later placed the coats of arms of the Herrera, Ayala, and Rojas families on the castle porch. The title of Count of Ampudia was eventually created with Francisco de Sandoval y Rojas.

The town was at various points home to a Templar convent, an Augustinian convent, and a convent of Poor Clares, and it served as an episcopal seat. A description from the early nineteenth century records it as a señorial town with a mayor, a collegiate chapter, three hermitages, a convent, a hospital, a granary, and around 2,000 inhabitants.

After the fall of the old regime, Ampudia became a constitutional municipality. The 1842 census counted 353 households and 1,836 residents. In the 1970s the municipality expanded by absorbing the nearby village of Valoria del Alcor.

The town has an unexpected connection to cinema: exterior scenes for the 1961 Hollywood epic El Cid, directed by Anthony Mann and starring Charlton Heston and Sophia Loren, were filmed here. The urban centre was declared a historic-artistic ensemble in 1965, recognised for its streetscape and arcaded streets.

The layout of Ampudia is classic late-medieval: a fortified enclosure formed by the castle and town walls, sections of which survive — including two masonry towers on the road to Valoria del Alcor. The town's structure is essentially bipolar, organised around two defining landmarks.

The castle is a military and residential building, privately owned today. It houses the Eugenio Fontaneda Collection, which includes local archaeological finds, weapons, and antique toys. The castle stands slightly apart from the town centre on higher ground, separated by its own wall and an open space — a typical señorial arrangement in which the fortress served both as external defence and as a symbol of local authority. Beside the castle stands the Hermitage of Santiago.

The Collegiate Church of San Miguel is the other pole around which the town is built. A Gothic-Renaissance building, its tower is known locally as the Giralda of Tierra de Campos and acts as a visual focal point for the whole settlement. Its three broad naves and the plaza in front of it together form the centre of the urban plan. Nearby, the former Convent of San Francisco — founded by the Duke of Lerma — now houses the Museum of Sacred Art, displaying sculpture, paintings, and documents from various periods.

The Cistercian Monastery of Nuestra Señora de Alconada, home to a community of nuns, lies on the edge of town.

The arcaded streets are perhaps the most distinctive feature of the townscape. In Calle Corredera and Calle Ontiveros, rows of two-storey houses built with timber frames and adobe walls have survived largely intact, their ground-floor porticos supported by wooden posts raised on stone bases. These arcades are considered a significant example of traditional Castilian architecture.

Narrower, more winding streets near the castle point to a former Jewish population. The wider main streets reflect the town's earlier role as a crossroads and commercial centre — a market charter granted by Felipe III at the Duke of Lerma's request, in the early seventeenth century, gave Ampudia a weekly Friday market and an annual fair from 8 to 15 September.

In January 2024, Ampudia joined the Association of the Most Beautiful Villages of Spain.